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Esterification of Phthalic anhydride with tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME)

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Submitted: August 21, 2014, published: September 12, 2014

Authors

M. Bhagavan Raju (mbhagavanraju@gmail.com)

Pankaj Dawar (dawar.pankaj@gmail.com)

Ramesha A. Ramakrishna (ramesha63@hotmail.com)

A contribution from 

Reaction Scheme

Chemicals

Phthalic anhydride (98%, Sigma-Aldrich)

tert-butyl methyl ether (anhydrous, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich)

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid (98%, Sigma-Aldrich)

Dichloromethane (Merck)

Sodium carbonate (Sigma-Aldrich)

Procedure

Phthalic anhydride (20.0 g ; 0.135 moles) & tert-butyl methyl ether (111.0 g, 1.259 moles) was added to a 1l, 4 necked flask bearing a mechanical stirrer, addition flask and thermometer, set up on a cooling tub at room temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C with ice salt mixture under stirring. Conc. H2SO4 (98%; 23.8 g; 0.243 moles) was added slowly through a dropping funnel keeping the reaction temperature < 5°C in 1-2 h. The temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained between 0°-5°C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and was stirred overnight before adding to to 50% Na2CO3 solution (200 ml) . The reaction mass was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 X 200 ml ) and dried over Na2SO4. The dichloromethane was concentrated to obtain a light yellow oily liquid (23 g, 70%).

Author Comments

It is important to do reaction below 0-5°C, probably ~0°C. Higher temperature will give Dimethyl phthalate.

Phthalic anhydride should be > 98% pure. If it is contaminated with phthalic acid reaction will not proceed well.

Data

IR (cm-1): 1851.66 ([C=O]),1752.23 ([C=O]), 172.05 (ester).

1H NMR ( CDCl3; 400MHz ): δ 8.02-7.26 ( m, 4H, ArH ), 3.90 ( s, 3H, OCH3 ), 1.57 ( m, 9H, -(CH3)3 ).

13C NMR ( CDCl3; 100 MHz ): 168.2, 166.5, 135.9, 133.5, 131.8, 131.0, 130.8, 130.4, 128.8, 128.7, 125.5, 82.04, 52.5, 27.9.

Lead Reference

“One-pot esterification and Ritter reaction: chemo- and regioselectivity from tertbutyl methyl ether” Pankaj Dawar, M. Bhagavan Raju, Ramesha A. Ramakrishna. Tetrahedron Lett., 2011, 52, 4262-4265. DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.100

Supplementary Information

Keywords

Esterification, esters, ethers