Paal-Knorr reaction of aniline and 2,5-diketone
SyntheticPage 553
DOI:
Submitted: April 4, 2012, published: April 6, 2012
Authors
Christopher Kelly (christopher.b.kelly@uconn.edu)
A contribution from

Chemicals
2,5-Hexanedione (≥98%, Sigma-Aldrich)
p-Toluenesulfonic acid • H2O ( ACS reagent, ≥98.5%, Sigma-Aldrich)
Toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich)
Sodium sulfate (ACS reagent, ≥99.0%, anhydrous, granular, Sigma-Aldrich)
Saturated sodium bicarbonate solution
Saturated sodium chloride solution
Procedure
Author Comments
Notes:
a. By this time approximately one equivalent (based on aniline) of water had condensed into the Dean-Stark trap.
b. This was judged to be pure by GC-MS and NMR analysis
c. This procedure has been recently used for the undergraduate Advanced Organic Laboratory course at the University of Connecticut with great success. In the case of our students, some obtained red-brown solids while others obtained green ones. Despite these colorations, their GC-MS and NMR data agreed with literature data
Data
Lead Reference
Keywords
Acid Catalysis, aromatics/arenes, Aromatization, Condensation, Cyclization, heterocyclic compounds, Pyrroles