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Alkylation of trimethoxybenzene; 2,3,6-trimethoxytoluene

SyntheticPage 426
DOI: 10.1039/SP426
Submitted Jun 29, 2010, published Jun 29, 2010
Christopher Cooksey (rsc@chriscooksey.demon.co.uk)
A contribution from R J H Clark Group, UCL


			Reaction Scheme: Alkylation of <SPAN class=csm-chemical-name id=csm1285706175526 title=trimethoxybenzene>trimethoxybenzene</SPAN>

Chemicals Used

1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene Page 425
n-butyllithium
dimethyl sulfate

Procedure

Trimethoxybenzene (10.4 g, 62 mmol) was added to tetrahydrofuran (50 cm3) and the solution magnetically stirred under N2 and cooled in dry ice. n-Butyllithium (30 cm3, ca. 2.5M in hexane, 75 mmol) was added dropwise so that the temperature did not exceed –5 ºC. After the addition the mixture, now containing a thick cream precipitate, was allowed to stir for 1 h at room temperature. Dimethyl sulfate (8 cm3, 80 mmol) was added with cooling (exothermic reaction!) so that the temperature did not exceed 25 ºC. At the end of the addition nearly all the solid had dissolved. After standing overnight, aqueous ammonia (d 0.880, 5 cm3) was added to destroy any excess dimethyl sulfate and after 0.5 h the mixture was evaporated at room temperature to remove the tetrahydrofuran. The residue was shaken with water (30 cm3) and 1:1 ether – 60/80 petrol (50 cm3), the phases separated and the aqueous solution extracted again. The combined organic phases were washed with water (50 cm3), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give a colourless oil which solidified after standing overnight. The solid (11.4 g, 100%) could be melted and then resolidified on cooling (fp. 31 ºC), 

Author's Comments

This procedure follows that of H D Locksley and I G Murray, J Chem Soc C, 1970, 392-398, doi:10.1039/j39700000392, except that THF was used in place of ethyl ether. A quantitative yield was obtained several times. 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene is commercially available (e.g., Aldrich).

Data

δH (CDCl3, 400 MHz) 6.70d (9.0), 6.55d (9.0), 3.83s, 3.80s, 3.79s, 2.16s

Lead Reference

H D Locksley and I G Murray, J Chem Soc C, 1970, 392-398, doi:10.1039/j39700000392,

Other References

J R Luly, H Rapoport, J Org Chem 1981 46(13) 2745-2752, doi:10.1021/jo00326a029

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Keywords: alkylation, aromatics/arenes, ethers, Lithiation